Illinois Child Support Is Changing in 2027: A Plain-English Guide for Parents

Illinois has passed a new child-support law, Public Act 104-0733, which takes effect on January 1, 2027. The law changes sections 505 and 510 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. Its biggest changes involve shared parenting time, low-income support orders, incarcerated parents, and the exchange of income information.
The new law does not automatically change every existing child-support order. A parent will generally still need a legal basis to modify an existing order. The fact that Illinois changed the law is not, by itself, enough to reopen an old support order.
The shared-parenting threshold will drop from 146 to 110 overnights
Under the current law, Illinois uses its special “shared care” child-support formula only when each parent has at least 146 overnights per year with the child.
Starting in 2027, the shared-care formula will apply when each parent has at least:
- 110 overnights per year, or
- 110 “overnight equivalents.”
This means the special formula may apply when a parent has the child about 30% of the year, rather than the approximately 40% required under the old law. Public Act 104-0733, §5, amending 750 ILCS 5/505(a)(3.8).
Reaching 110 overnights does not mean that no child support will be paid. The court will still consider both parents’ incomes and how much time the child spends with each parent. The parent with the higher income may still owe support, even when parenting time is close to equal.
The new law keeps the existing shared-care calculation, including the 1.5 multiplier. The parents’ separate support obligations are calculated and then compared. The parent with the larger obligation generally pays the difference.
The law tries to avoid a sudden drop at one particular number
The old law created a major dividing line at 146 overnights. A parent with 145 overnights did not automatically qualify for shared-care treatment, while a parent with 146 did.
The new law still gives some weight to the difference between 110 and 146 overnights. When a parent has fewer than 146 overnights, the parent’s shared-care calculation is increased according to this table:
Annual overnights
110–114
115–119
120–124
125–129
130–134
135–139
140–145
Increase
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
4%
2%
In plain English, the adjustment is larger when a parent is closer to 110 overnights and becomes smaller as the parent approaches 146. The final adjusted amount cannot be greater than the amount that would have been ordered under the regular child-support formula.
Daytime parenting may sometimes count like an overnight
The new law introduces the idea of an “overnight equivalent.”
An overnight equivalent may be used when a parent has significant parenting time on a separate day, personally cares for the child, but does not keep the child overnight. The parents may agree that this time should count, or a judge may recognize it as a reason to depart from the usual guidelines.
For example, a parent may regularly pick up the child after school, provide dinner, help with homework, and care for the child until late evening before returning the child to the other parent. Under the new law, that arrangement may receive more attention than it did under the old overnight-only system.
The difficulty is that the law does not explain:
- How many daytime hours equal one overnight.
- What “significant” parenting time means.
- Whether time at school, daycare, or activities counts.
- How cancellations or schedule changes should be handled.
Parents negotiating an agreement should describe any overnight equivalents in detail. Simply writing that “daytime visits will count” may create a future dispute.
What does “rebuttable presumption” mean?
The new law uses the phrase “rebuttable presumption” several times.
A rebuttable presumption is simply the court’s starting point. The judge begins by assuming that a particular result should apply. But that result is not automatic or permanent. A parent may present evidence showing that a different result would be fairer or more appropriate.
For example, Illinois begins with the assumption that the amount produced by the child-support guidelines is the correct amount. A judge may order something different, but the judge must have a reason and must explain that reason in writing.
More low-income parents may qualify for a minimum support order
Under the old law, the court generally starts with minimum support of $40 per month per child, up to a total of $120 per month, when the paying parent’s income is at or below 75% of the federal poverty guideline for one person.
The new law raises that income limit from 75% to 100% of the federal poverty guideline. This means more very-low-income parents may qualify for the minimum-order starting point. Public Act 104-0733, §5, amending 750 ILCS 5/505(a)(3.3a).
Because this is a rebuttable presumption, the $40 amount is the starting point—not an unavoidable result in every case.
The law also keeps the separate starting point of a
zero-dollar order for certain parents who have no income, receive only means-tested public benefits, or cannot work because of a medically proven disability, incarceration, or institutionalization.
A new procedure will apply when a parent is incarcerated
When a parent will be incarcerated for more than 180 consecutive days, the new law begins with the assumption that the parent cannot pay child support.
That assumption can be challenged. For example, the other parent may show that the incarcerated parent has substantial income, investments, property, or other assets that can still be used to support the child.
A party or the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services may file a notice of incarceration. If no written objection is filed within 45 days, the support obligation may be reduced to zero as of the date of the notice. If someone objects, the court must hold a hearing.
After release, the law generally provides for support to resume at the statutory minimum after 90 days. Either parent may still ask the court to set a different amount based on the parent’s actual income and ability to pay.
This procedure may prevent the buildup of large support debts that an incarcerated parent had no realistic ability to pay. The disadvantage is that the parent caring for the child may receive no support during the incarceration even though the child’s expenses continue.
Parents will have to exchange income information every year
Orders entered under section 505 will have to require both parents to exchange written information verifying their net income every year.
Parents must also continue reporting new employment or the loss of employment within 10 days. For new employment, the information must include the employer’s name and address. Public Act 104-0733, §5, amending 750 ILCS 5/505(h).
The law does not state:
- The date on which the annual exchange must occur.
- Which documents must be exchanged.
- Whether tax returns, pay statements, W-2s, 1099s, or business records are required.
- Whether support changes automatically after the information is exchanged.
A well-written settlement should answer those questions. For example, it could require an exchange every April 15 and list the exact documents each parent must provide.
How the law may help settlement negotiations
The new law may make settlements easier because it reduces the importance of the old 146-overnight cutoff. Parents with substantial parenting time will no longer face an all-or-nothing jump between 145 and 146 overnights.
The law may also produce fairer results for parents who provide substantial daytime care but do not always have the child overnight. Annual income exchanges should make it easier to identify major raises, job changes, bonuses, or other income changes.
The new rules for low-income and incarcerated parents may also encourage more realistic support orders instead of orders that cannot reasonably be paid.
How the law may make settlements harder
The financial importance of reaching 110 overnights could make parenting-time negotiations more difficult. A parent may be accused of asking for additional time mainly to reduce child support. The other parent may be accused of resisting additional time mainly to preserve support.
Overnight equivalents may become another source of disagreement. Parents may argue over whether an afternoon, evening, or weekend day is long enough to count.
The parent maintaining the child’s main home may also object that many expenses do not decrease when the child spends additional time elsewhere. Rent, mortgage payments, utilities, clothing, school expenses, and transportation costs often continue regardless of the exact overnight count.
For that reason, parents should not negotiate only about the basic support number. They should also address health insurance, medical bills, childcare, school costs, extracurricular activities, transportation, and other major child-related expenses.
Challenges courts are likely to face
Illinois courts will need new worksheets and calculation software for the 110-to-145 overnight adjustments. The Department of Healthcare and Family Services is responsible for issuing the shared-care worksheets.
Judges will also have to decide what qualifies as an overnight equivalent. Disputes may arise over scheduled parenting time versus time actually exercised, children who have different schedules, changing work shifts, missed visits, and daytime care provided partly by relatives or childcare providers.
Courts and clerks will also need procedures for incarceration notices, 45-day objections, release dates, and the resumption of support. Annual income exchanges may create enforcement disputes because the law requires the exchange but does not specify a uniform date or document list.
The main takeaway
Beginning January 1, 2027, Illinois will recognize shared parenting for child-support purposes at 110 overnights instead of 146, allow certain significant daytime periods to count, expand minimum-order treatment for low-income parents, create a new incarceration procedure, and require annual income disclosures.
The changes may produce more flexible and realistic support calculations. They will also make precise parenting schedules and carefully written settlement agreements more important than ever.
This article provides general information about Illinois law and is not legal advice for any particular case.
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